Besakih Temple is Bali’s largest and most important Hindu temple complex, often referred to as the "Mother Temple of Bali." It is located on the southeast slopes of Mount Agung, Bali's highest and most sacred volcano.
Besakih is not just one temple, but a complex of over 80 individual temples. The temple is regarded as the holiest site in Bali and serves as the center of Balinese Hinduism. It is dedicated primarily to the god Shiva, but also honours Vishnu and Brahma, the three principal gods of the Hindu Trimurti.
Besakih is the symbol of the island's spiritual unity and is closely linked to Mount Agung, which is considered sacred.
The temple complex is thought to be aligned with the natural and spiritual forces of the mountain, and many Balinese people believe that Mount Agung is the home of the gods.
The temple's position on the mountain makes it a powerful symbol of the connection between the divine and the earthly realm. It is believed that the mountain is a place where the gods reside and that the temple is a channel between the earthly world and the divine.
The Besakih Temple complex consists of several temples arranged in a series of terraces ascending the slopes of Mount Agung. Key parts of the temple include:
Pura Penataran Agung:
This is the main temple at Besakih, located at the bottom of the complex. It is dedicated to Shiva and serves as the central sanctuary of the whole temple complex.
Pura Penataran Agung is often the site of major religious ceremonies and festivals.
Pura Kiduling Kreteg:
A temple dedicated to the goddess of fertility and the sea, often linked to Vishnu. It is positioned higher on the complex.
Pura Batu Madeg:
Located higher up in the temple, this temple is associated with the creation of Bali. It is a smaller temple but still of spiritual significance to the Balinese people.
Other Smaller Temples:
Many other smaller temples are scattered across the complex, each dedicated to different deities or spiritual practices. The overall architecture is beautifully Balinese, with tiered roofs and ornate carvings.
Cultural and Religious Importance:
Hindu Pilgrimage: Besakih Temple is one of the holiest pilgrimage sites for Hindus in Bali. Devotees come from all over the island and beyond, to pray, make offerings, and seek spiritual guidance. It is particularly important during certain religious festivals, such as the Piodalan (temple anniversary), which occurs every 210 days according to the Balinese calendar.
Ceremonies and Rituals: The temple hosts numerous ceremonies, especially during major religious events. The rituals often include offerings, prayers, and dances, and the temple becomes a vibrant hub of cultural and spiritual activities. Know that it is forbidden for foreigners to enter inside the temple.
While the temple is open to visitors, a guided tour is included in the entry fee, they can explain the temple's history, significance, and the rituals that take place. Guides can also help visitors understand the sacredness of the site and the importance of respectful behaviour while on temple grounds.
Dress Code: As with any Hindu temple in Bali, visitors are required to dress modestly. A traditional sarong and sash are typically provided at the entrance, and these should be worn while inside the temple complex.
Practical Tips:
Location & Accessibility: Besakih Temple is about 60-70 kilometres 1h to Jasri beach where I organised my stay. I am used to ride my scooter around Bali, so if you are not afraid of winding road to reach the temple go ahead and enjoy the ride. It is with great pleasure to drive the small main road going true the rice fields and jungle.
Best Time to Visit: The temple can be visited year-round, but it is best to visit early in the morning or later in the afternoon to avoid the midday heat and larger crowds. Avoid visiting during significant religious ceremonies unless you are comfortable with large crowds and would like to witness the rituals.
History:
Ancient Origins: Besakih Temple is believed to date back to at least the 14th century, though its origins might extend earlier. It is thought that early Balinese rulers established the temple as part of their efforts to integrate the Hindu-Balinese culture. Over time, it became a focal point for Hindu worship in Bali.
Besakih Temple is an awe-inspiring cultural and spiritual site in Bali, offering visitors a glimpse into the island's rich Hindu heritage. With its incredible location, historical significance, and majestic architecture, it is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in Balinese culture, spirituality, and history.
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